Class X Practical: Animal Life - Organ Identification

Objective

To identify and understand the internal structure of the mammalian urinary system, heart, kidney, and the external view of the brain using models, charts, or preserved specimens.

Guidelines

1. Urinary System

1. Identification: Locate and identify the major organs of the urinary system: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
2. Structure: Understand the basic function of each part in urine formation and excretion.
3. Drawing: Draw a neat, labeled diagram of the human urinary system.

2. Heart

1. Identification: Identify the four chambers (right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle), major blood vessels (aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, vena cavae), and valves (tricuspid, bicuspid/mitral, pulmonary, aortic).
2. Blood Flow: Trace the path of blood through the heart and associated vessels.
3. Drawing: Draw a neat, labeled diagram of the internal structure of the human heart.

3. Kidney

1. External View: Identify the renal capsule, renal artery, renal vein, and ureter.
2. Internal Structure (Longitudinal Section): Identify the renal cortex, renal medulla (with renal pyramids), renal pelvis, and calyces.
3. Function: Understand the role of the kidney in filtration and urine formation.
4. Drawing: Draw a neat, labeled diagram of the longitudinal section of a kidney.

4. External View of Brain

1. Identification: Identify the major parts of the brain: cerebrum (with lobes), cerebellum, and brainstem (pons, medulla oblongata).
2. Surface Features: Observe the gyri (ridges) and sulci (grooves) on the cerebrum.
3. Function (Brief): Briefly understand the general functions associated with each major part.
4. Drawing: Draw a neat, labeled diagram of the external view of the human brain.

Expected Outcome

Ability to identify and label the key parts of the mammalian urinary system, heart, kidney, and brain, and understand their basic anatomical organization.