Class XII Practical: Slide Preparation - T.S. of Xerophyte Leaf (Nerium)

Objective

To prepare a temporary transverse section (T.S.) of a xerophyte leaf (e.g., Nerium) and observe its anatomical adaptations to arid conditions.

Guidelines

1. Specimen Selection: Obtain a fresh leaf of a xerophytic plant, typically Nerium (Oleander).
2. Sectioning: Carefully cut very thin transverse sections of the leaf using a sharp blade.
3. Staining (Optional): Stain the sections with appropriate stains (e.g., safranin and fast green).
4. Mounting: Mount the stained section in a drop of water or glycerine on a clean glass slide and cover with a coverslip.
5. Observation: Observe the slide under a compound microscope. Look for characteristic adaptations:
   • Thick Cuticle: A thick waxy layer on the epidermis.
   • Multiple Epidermis/Hypodermis: Extra layers for protection.
   • Sunken Stomata: Stomata located in pits or depressions to reduce water loss.
   • Hairs/Trichomes: Presence of hairs on the epidermis, especially in stomatal pits.
   • Well-developed Vascular Tissue: Efficient water transport.
   • Sclerenchymatous Tissues: For mechanical support.
6. Drawing: Draw a neat, labeled diagram of the observed T.S. of the xerophyte leaf, highlighting its adaptive features.

Expected Outcome

Clear microscopic observation of anatomical features in a xerophyte leaf that facilitate water conservation and survival in dry environments.