Exercises

1. Ramesh, an 11-year-old boy, developed a few pimples on his face.

• (i) Possible reasons: Increased activity of sweat and sebaceous (oil) glands during adolescence. The oily secretions clog skin pores, leading to acne and pimples.
• (ii) Relief: Maintain personal hygiene, wash the face regularly with mild soap and water, and avoid picking or squeezing the pimples to prevent infection.

2. Which of the following food groups would be a better option for adolescents and why?

• Answer: Group (ii) (balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, pulses, and milk) is better than Group (i) (fast food/snacks).
• Why: Adolescence is a period of rapid growth. The body needs essential nutrients like proteins for muscle building, calcium for bones, and vitamins/minerals for overall development, which are found in a balanced diet.

3. Unscramble the underlined word:

• (i) nstmnoiaretu → menstruation
• (ii) iceov xob → voice box
• (iii) urtypeb → puberty
• (iv) lahoclo and srugd → alcohol and drugs

4. Shalu told her friend, “Adolescence brings only physical changes.” Is she correct?

• Answer: No, she is incorrect.
• Description: Adolescence brings not just physical changes, but also emotional, biological, and behavioural changes. It involves the development of strong emotions, heightened curiosity, and the maturation of the reproductive system.

5. Questions to check correctness:

• (i) "Adolescents do not need to worry about behavioural changes." → Question: How do our emotions influence our actions and social interactions during this stage?
• (ii) "If someone tries a harmful substance once, they can stop anytime." → Question: Are you aware of the addictive nature of these substances and how they create a strong urge for repeated use?

6. What other behavioural changes are associated with this age?

• Increased independence, self-consciousness, attraction toward peers, interest in social initiatives, and sometimes confusion or excitement about new experiences.

7. What menstrual hygiene and sanitary habits would you suggest?

• Change sanitary pads every 4–6 hours.
• Dispose of used pads by wrapping them in paper and putting them in a dustbin (do not throw in open areas).
• Wash hands with soap after handling pads.
• Maintain regular body hygiene.

8. Reason for different advice to Mary and Manoj:

• Mary: Developed a bulge that required iodine, likely a thyroid-related issue (Goitre).
• Manoj: The bump was the Adam’s apple (enlarged voice box), which is a normal part of the growing-up process for boys.

9. Categorise physical changes:

10. Poster: Tips for a Healthy Lifestyle

• Eat a balanced diet.
• Exercise regularly.
• Maintain personal hygiene.
• Say 'NO' to drugs and alcohol.
• Stay positive and seek guidance when needed.