Class 11 Biology Syllabus

1. Diversity of Living Organisms

• The Living World
  • Need for classification; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature.
• Biological Classification
  • Three domains of life; Five kingdom classification; salient features and classification of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. Lichens, Viruses, Viroids and Prions.
• Plant Kingdom
  • Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms.
• Animal Kingdom
  • Levels of organisation, body plan, symmetry, organisation, coelom, segmentation, Non-chordata, Chordata.

2. Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

• Morphology of Flowering Plants
  • Morphology and modifications of root, stem, leaf, flower.
• Anatomy of Flowering Plants
  • Plant Tissues: Meristematic tissues, Permanent Tissues, tissue system.
• Structural Organisation in Animals: Frog
  • Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems of frog.

3. Cell: Structure and Function

• Cell - the Unit of Life
  • Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life: Structure of eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles, endomembrane system, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles; nucleus.
• Biomolecules
  • Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, enzymes, secondary metabolites.
• Cell Cycle and Cell Division
  • Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.

4. Plant Physiology

• Photosynthesis in higher plants
  • Photosynthesis as a mean of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis; photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.
• Respiration in Plants
  • Exchange of gases; cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.
• Plant Growth and Development
  • Seed germination; phases of plant growth; plant growth rate; differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell; growth regulators.

5. Human Physiology

• Breathing and exchange of gases.
  • Respiratory organs in animals; Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing; exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of breathing, respiratory volumes; disorders related to respiration.
• Body fluids and circulation.
  • Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its functions; human circulatory system; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system.
• Excretory products and their elimination.
  • Modes of excretion; human excretory system; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function; role of other organs in excretion; disorders of the excretory system.
• Locomotion and Movement
  • Types of movement; skeletal muscles; skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal system.
• Neural Control and Coordination
  • Neuron and nerves; nervous system in humans; generation and conduction of nerve impulse.
• Chemical Co-ordination and Integration
  • Human endocrine system; mechanism of hormone action; role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo and hyperactivity and related disorders.