Animal Tissues - Comprehensive Question Paper

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) - 100 Questions (1 mark each)

Which tissue covers the body surface and lines internal organs? a) Connective tissue b) Epithelial tissue c) Muscular tissue d) Nerve tissue
The primary function of epithelial tissue includes: a) Movement b) Support c) Protection d) Conduction
Bone tissue is classified under which type of tissue? a) Epithelial b) Muscular c) Connective d) Nervous
Which connective tissue helps in reducing friction at joints? a) Bone b) Cartilage c) Ligament d) Tendon
Blood is classified as which type of tissue? a) Epithelial b) Connective c) Muscular d) Nervous
The function of ligaments is to: a) Connect muscles to bones b) Connect bones to bones c) Transport blood d) Provide flexibility
Tendons connect: a) Bone to bone b) Muscle to muscle c) Muscle to bone d) Nerve to muscle
Striated muscle is also known as: a) Smooth muscle b) Cardiac muscle c) Voluntary muscle d) Involuntary muscle
Which muscle type is found in the walls of internal organs? a) Striated b) Cardiac c) Smooth d) Skeletal
Cardiac muscle is found only in: a) Blood vessels b) Heart c) Stomach d) Intestines
The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus is: a) Axon b) Dendrite c) Cell body d) Dendron
Dendrites function to: a) Transmit impulses away from cell body b) Receive impulses from other neurons c) Store nutrients d) Produce hormones
The axon of a neuron: a) Receives impulses b) Transmits impulses away from cell body c) Contains the nucleus d) Stores energy
Which tissue is responsible for voluntary movements? a) Smooth muscle b) Cardiac muscle c) Skeletal muscle d) Connective tissue
Cartilage is found in: a) Heart b) Liver c) Nose and ear d) Kidney
The skeleton of the body is formed by: a) Cartilage b) Ligaments c) Tendons d) Bone
Which function is NOT performed by epithelial tissue? a) Protection b) Secretion c) Movement d) Absorption
Blood vessels contain which type of muscle? a) Striated b) Cardiac c) Smooth d) Voluntary
The rhythmic contractions of the heart are due to: a) Smooth muscle b) Skeletal muscle c) Cardiac muscle d) Connective tissue
Nerve impulses are conducted by: a) Epithelial tissue b) Connective tissue c) Muscular tissue d) Nerve tissue
Which tissue provides support and protection to the body? a) Epithelial b) Connective c) Muscular d) Nervous
The trachea contains: a) Bone b) Cartilage c) Ligament d) Tendon
Involuntary muscle is also called: a) Striated muscle b) Cardiac muscle c) Smooth muscle d) Skeletal muscle
The soma of a neuron refers to: a) Axon b) Dendrite c) Cell body d) Nerve ending
Which tissue is responsible for digestion movement in the stomach? a) Skeletal muscle b) Cardiac muscle c) Smooth muscle d) Connective tissue
Ligaments provide: a) Movement b) Flexibility c) Stability to joints d) Blood transport
The function of filtering is performed by: a) Muscular tissue b) Epithelial tissue c) Connective tissue d) Nervous tissue
Ends of bones contain: a) Ligaments b) Tendons c) Cartilage d) Blood vessels
Which muscle type can be controlled voluntarily? a) Smooth b) Cardiac c) Intestinal d) Skeletal
Hormones are transported by: a) Nerve tissue b) Blood c) Cartilage d) Bone
The branched extensions of neurons are called: a) Axons b) Cell bodies c) Dendrites d) Nuclei
Which tissue enables movement of the body? a) Epithelial b) Connective c) Muscular d) Nervous
Waste products are transported by: a) Lymph b) Blood c) Cerebrospinal fluid d) Saliva
The heart muscle is: a) Voluntary b) Involuntary c) Smooth d) Striated and involuntary
Nutrients are transported throughout the body by: a) Lymphatic system b) Blood c) Nervous system d) Skeletal system
Which connective tissue is liquid? a) Bone b) Cartilage c) Blood d) Ligament
Oxygen transport is the function of: a) Plasma b) Blood c) Lymph d) Cerebrospinal fluid
The tissue that lines internal cavities is: a) Connective b) Epithelial c) Muscular d) Nervous
Force transmission from muscle to bone is done by: a) Ligaments b) Cartilage c) Tendons d) Blood vessels
Which part of neuron transmits impulses away from cell body? a) Dendrite b) Cell body c) Axon d) Nucleus
Involuntary movements like digestion are controlled by: a) Skeletal muscle b) Cardiac muscle c) Smooth muscle d) Striated muscle
The specialized muscle found only in heart is: a) Smooth muscle b) Skeletal muscle c) Cardiac muscle d) Voluntary muscle
Which tissue provides flexibility to joints? a) Bone b) Ligament c) Cartilage d) Tendon
Secretion is a function of: a) Muscular tissue b) Epithelial tissue c) Connective tissue d) Nervous tissue
Blood flow is controlled by: a) Skeletal muscle b) Cardiac muscle c) Smooth muscle d) Voluntary muscle
The skeleton provides: a) Protection only b) Support only c) Movement only d) Support, protection, and helps in movement
Joints are stabilized by: a) Tendons b) Ligaments c) Cartilage d) Muscles
Which tissue responds to stimuli? a) Epithelial b) Connective c) Muscular d) Nervous
Absorption is a function of: a) Connective tissue b) Epithelial tissue c) Muscular tissue d) Nervous tissue
The ear contains: a) Bone b) Cartilage c) Ligaments d) Tendons
Voluntary movements are performed by: a) Smooth muscle b) Cardiac muscle c) Skeletal muscle d) Involuntary muscle
Which tissue circulates throughout the body? a) Lymph b) Blood c) Plasma d) Cerebrospinal fluid
Nerve impulses are received by: a) Axons b) Cell bodies c) Dendrites d) Nuclei
The walls of intestines contain: a) Skeletal muscle b) Cardiac muscle c) Smooth muscle d) Voluntary muscle
Protection of internal organs is provided by: a) Cartilage b) Ligaments c) Bone d) Tendons
Which muscle type is striated? a) Smooth muscle b) Involuntary muscle c) Skeletal muscle d) Intestinal muscle
The function of epithelial tissue does NOT include: a) Filtration b) Absorption c) Contraction d) Protection
Cartilage reduces: a) Blood flow b) Nerve conduction c) Friction at joints d) Muscle contraction
The cell body of neuron is also called: a) Axon b) Dendrite c) Soma d) Dendron
Which tissue helps in movement? a) Epithelial b) Connective c) Muscular d) All of these
Blood vessels are lined by: a) Smooth muscle b) Epithelial tissue c) Connective tissue d) Nervous tissue
The framework of the body is provided by: a) Muscular system b) Skeletal system c) Nervous system d) Circulatory system
Dendron is another name for: a) Axon b) Cell body c) Dendrite d) Nucleus
Which muscle contracts rhythmically? a) Smooth muscle b) Skeletal muscle c) Cardiac muscle d) Voluntary muscle
Effector cells receive impulses from: a) Dendrites b) Cell bodies c) Axons d) Nuclei
The tissue that covers body surface is: a) Connective b) Epithelial c) Muscular d) Nervous
Bone to bone connection is made by: a) Tendons b) Ligaments c) Cartilage d) Muscles
Which tissue is responsible for pumping blood? a) Smooth muscle b) Skeletal muscle c) Cardiac muscle d) Connective tissue
Organelles are found in: a) Axon b) Dendrite c) Cell body d) All parts of neuron
The nose contains: a) Bone b) Cartilage c) Ligaments d) Tendons
Involuntary muscle is found in: a) Arms b) Legs c) Stomach walls d) Face
Which tissue enables force transmission? a) Ligaments b) Cartilage c) Tendons d) Blood
The heart pumps blood due to: a) Smooth muscle contractions b) Skeletal muscle contractions c) Cardiac muscle contractions d) Nerve stimulation
Support to the body is provided by: a) Epithelial tissue b) Connective tissue c) Muscular tissue d) Nervous tissue
Long projection of neuron is: a) Dendrite b) Cell body c) Axon d) Soma
Which tissue lines the stomach? a) Connective b) Epithelial c) Muscular d) Nervous
Flexibility is provided by: a) Bone b) Cartilage c) Ligaments d) Tendons
Nerve impulses travel along: a) Blood vessels b) Axons c) Muscles d) Bones
The tissue attached to bones is: a) Smooth muscle b) Cardiac muscle c) Skeletal muscle d) Involuntary muscle
Which function is performed by blood? a) Protection b) Support c) Transport d) Secretion
Short branched extensions of neurons are: a) Axons b) Cell bodies c) Dendrites d) Nuclei
The wall of blood vessels contains: a) Skeletal muscle b) Cardiac muscle c) Smooth muscle d) Voluntary muscle
Joint stability is provided by: a) Tendons b) Ligaments c) Cartilage d) Bones
Which tissue conducts impulses? a) Epithelial b) Connective c) Muscular d) Nervous
Slender projection of neuron is: a) Dendrite b) Cell body c) Axon d) Soma
The tissue that secretes substances is: a) Connective b) Epithelial c) Muscular d) Nervous
Movement assistance is provided by: a) Cartilage b) Ligaments c) Bone d) Blood
Which muscle type is found in heart? a) Smooth b) Skeletal c) Cardiac d) Voluntary
Impulse transmission away from cell body is done by: a) Dendrites b) Cell body c) Axon d) Nucleus
The tissue covering internal organs is: a) Connective b) Epithelial c) Muscular d) Nervous
Friction reduction at joints is done by: a) Bone b) Ligaments c) Cartilage d) Tendons
Which tissue responds to environmental changes? a) Epithelial b) Connective c) Muscular d) Nervous
Force from muscle to bone is transmitted by: a) Ligaments b) Cartilage c) Tendons d) Blood vessels
The specialized tissue of heart is: a) Smooth muscle b) Skeletal muscle c) Cardiac muscle d) Connective tissue
Nucleus of neuron is located in: a) Axon b) Dendrite c) Cell body d) All parts
Which tissue filters substances? a) Connective b) Epithelial c) Muscular d) Nervous
The tissue that provides structural support is: a) Epithelial b) Connective c) Muscular d) Nervous
Voluntary control is possible over: a) Smooth muscle b) Cardiac muscle c) Skeletal muscle d) Involuntary muscle
Impulse reception is function of: a) Axons b) Cell bodies c) Dendrites d) All parts
The tissue responsible for body movements is: a) Epithelial b) Connective c) Muscular d) Nervous

Section B: Short Answer Questions (1 mark each) - 100 Questions

Name the tissue that covers the body surface.
What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?
Which tissue forms the skeleton of the body?
Where is cartilage found in the human body?
What type of tissue is blood classified as?
What do ligaments connect?
What is the function of tendons?
Name the three types of muscular tissues.
Where is striated muscle located?
Which muscle type is responsible for voluntary movements?
Where is smooth muscle found?
What is the location of cardiac muscle?
Name the three parts of a neuron.
What does the cell body of a neuron contain?
What is the function of dendrites?
What is the function of axon?
Which tissue is responsible for protection?
What is another name for voluntary muscle?
What is another name for involuntary muscle?
Which tissue transports oxygen in the body?
What provides stability to joints?
Which tissue enables movement?
Where is nerve tissue found?
What is the soma of a neuron?
Which muscle type is found in the heart only?
What reduces friction at joints?
Which tissue lines internal organs?
What connects muscles to bones?
Which tissue is responsible for secretion?
What type of muscle is cardiac muscle?
Where are ligaments located?
What is the function of bone tissue?
Which tissue absorbs substances?
What is dendron?
Which muscle contracts involuntarily?
What does blood transport besides oxygen?
Which tissue provides support to the body?
What is the function of epithelial tissue in kidneys?
Which part of neuron receives impulses?
What type of tissue is cartilage?
Which muscle is attached to bones?
What does the axon transmit?
Which tissue covers internal cavities?
What is the function of smooth muscle in blood vessels?
Which tissue forms ligaments?
What is the main function of cardiac muscle?
Where is the nucleus of a neuron located?
Which tissue is liquid in nature?
What connects bone to bone?
Which muscle type is striated and involuntary?
What is the function of cartilage in joints?
Which tissue conducts nerve impulses?
What type of movements does skeletal muscle perform?
Which tissue is found in the trachea?
What is the function of dendrites in neurons?
Which muscle type controls digestion?
What does epithelial tissue do in the lungs?
Which tissue provides flexibility?
What is the function of tendons in movement?
Which part of neuron contains organelles?
What type of tissue lines the stomach?
Which muscle pumps blood through the body?
What is the function of ligaments in joints?
Which tissue is responsible for involuntary movements?
What does blood transport to cells?
Which tissue covers the surface of organs?
What is the location of smooth muscle in digestive system?
Which part of neuron is long and slender?
What type of tissue is tendon?
Which muscle type can be controlled consciously?
What is the function of cartilage in the ear?
Which tissue responds to stimuli?
What connects the muscle to bone for movement?
Which tissue is found in the nose?
What is the function of cardiac muscle?
Which part of neuron receives signals from other neurons?
What type of muscle is found in intestinal walls?
Which tissue provides structural framework?
What is the function of axon in nerve conduction?
Which tissue secretes mucus?
What type of movements does smooth muscle control?
Which tissue is hardest in the body?
What is the function of epithelial tissue in absorption?
Which muscle type shows rhythmic contractions?
What does the cell body of neuron do?
Which tissue reduces wear and tear at joints?
What is the function of blood as connective tissue?
Which muscle type is multinucleated?
What connects bones at movable joints?
Which tissue is responsible for filtration in kidneys?
What type of muscle is found in the bladder?
Which part of neuron transmits impulses to other cells?
What is the function of cartilage in the nose?
Which tissue covers the inner surface of blood vessels?
What type of contractions does cardiac muscle show?
Which tissue provides insulation to the body?
What is the function of smooth muscle in airways?
Which part of neuron is also called dendron?
What type of tissue forms the framework of organs?
Which muscle type is spindle-shaped?

Section C: Medium Answer Questions (2 marks each) - 50 Questions

Explain the location and function of epithelial tissue.
Describe the structure and function of bone tissue.
Compare the location and function of ligaments and tendons.
Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary muscles with examples.
Explain the structure of a neuron with its three main parts.
Describe the location and function of cartilage tissue.
Explain how blood functions as a connective tissue.
Compare striated and unstriated muscles.
Describe the location and function of cardiac muscle.
Explain the role of nerve tissue in the body.
Describe the different functions of epithelial tissue.
Compare bone and cartilage as connective tissues.
Explain the mechanism of muscle contraction in movement.
Describe the structure and function of dendrites.
Compare the three types of muscular tissues.
Explain the role of connective tissue in body support.
Describe the function of axon in nerve impulse transmission.
Compare ligaments and tendons in terms of structure and function.
Explain the importance of smooth muscle in internal organs.
Describe the components and functions of blood tissue.
Compare voluntary and involuntary muscle control mechanisms.
Explain the role of cartilage in joint movement.
Describe the function of epithelial tissue in different organs.
Compare the location and function of different connective tissues.
Explain the structure and function of cardiac muscle.
Describe the role of nerve tissue in coordination.
Compare striated muscle and cardiac muscle.
Explain the function of smooth muscle in digestion.
Describe the importance of bone tissue in the body.
Compare the structure of different muscle types.
Explain the role of epithelial tissue in protection and secretion.
Describe the function of ligaments in joint stability.
Compare the conduction of impulses in different parts of neuron.
Explain the importance of connective tissue diversity.
Describe the role of tendons in body movement.
Compare the functions of different parts of a neuron.
Explain the significance of muscle tissue classification.
Describe the role of cartilage in body flexibility.
Compare epithelial and connective tissues.
Explain the function of blood in transportation.
Describe the importance of voluntary muscle control.
Compare the location of different types of muscles.
Explain the role of nerve tissue in reflex actions.
Describe the function of smooth muscle in blood circulation.
Compare the supporting function of bone and cartilage.
Explain the importance of tissue specialization.
Describe the role of epithelial tissue in organ lining.
Compare the structure and function of axon and dendrites.
Explain the significance of cardiac muscle properties.
Describe the coordinated function of different tissue types.

Section D: Broad Answer Questions (3 marks each) - 25 Questions

Describe the four main types of animal tissues with their locations and functions.
Explain the structure and functions of connective tissue with examples of each type.
Compare and contrast the three types of muscular tissues in terms of structure, location, and function.
Describe the structure of a neuron and explain how it conducts nerve impulses.
Explain the role of epithelial tissue in different body systems and its various functions.
Describe the importance of connective tissues in providing support and protection to the body.
Explain how different types of muscles work together to facilitate body movements.
Describe the structure and function of nerve tissue and its role in body coordination.
Compare epithelial and connective tissues in terms of structure, location, and functions.
Explain the relationship between structure and function in different types of muscle tissues.
Describe how bone, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons work together in the skeletal system.
Explain the importance of tissue specialization in multicellular organisms.
Describe the role of blood as a connective tissue and its various transport functions.
Compare voluntary and involuntary muscle control with examples and explain their importance.
Explain how the structure of neurons is adapted for their function of impulse conduction.
Describe the classification of animal tissues and explain the basis of this classification.
Explain the coordinated functioning of different tissues in organ systems.
Describe the role of smooth muscle in various organ systems and its control mechanism.
Explain how epithelial tissue contributes to homeostasis in the body.
Describe the properties and functions of cardiac muscle and its importance in circulation.
Explain the relationship between tissue structure and function using examples from each tissue type.
Describe how connective tissues provide structural integrity to the body.
Explain the mechanism of muscle contraction and its control in different muscle types.
Describe the role of nerve tissue in integrating body functions and responses.
Explain how the different animal tissues work together to maintain life processes.

Answer Key

Animal Tissues - Answer Script

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions

b) Epithelial tissue
c) Protection
c) Connective
b) Cartilage
b) Connective
b) Connect bones to bones
c) Muscle to bone
c) Voluntary muscle
c) Smooth
b) Heart
c) Cell body
b) Receive impulses from other neurons
b) Transmits impulses away from cell body
c) Skeletal muscle
c) Nose and ear
d) Bone
c) Movement
c) Smooth
c) Cardiac muscle
d) Nerve tissue
b) Connective
b) Cartilage
c) Smooth muscle
c) Cell body
c) Smooth muscle
c) Stability to joints
b) Epithelial tissue
c) Cartilage
d) Skeletal
b) Blood
c) Dendrites
c) Muscular
b) Blood
d) Striated and involuntary
b) Blood
c) Blood
b) Blood
b) Epithelial
c) Tendons
c) Axon
c) Smooth muscle
c) Cardiac muscle
c) Cartilage
b) Epithelial tissue
c) Smooth muscle
d) Support, protection, and helps in movement
b) Ligaments
d) Nervous
b) Epithelial tissue
b) Cartilage
c) Skeletal muscle
b) Blood
c) Dendrites
c) Smooth muscle
c) Bone
c) Skeletal muscle
c) Contraction
c) Friction at joints
c) Soma
c) Muscular
b) Epithelial tissue
b) Skeletal system
c) Dendrite
c) Cardiac muscle
c) Axons
b) Epithelial
b) Ligaments
c) Cardiac muscle
c) Cell body
b) Cartilage
c) Stomach walls
c) Tendons
c) Cardiac muscle contractions
b) Connective tissue
c) Axon
b) Epithelial
b) Cartilage
b) Axons
c) Skeletal muscle
c) Transport
c) Dendrites
c) Smooth muscle
b) Ligaments
d) Nervous
c) Axon
b) Epithelial
c) Bone
c) Cardiac
c) Axon
b) Epithelial
c) Cartilage
d) Nervous
c) Tendons
c) Cardiac muscle
c) Cell body
b) Epithelial
b) Connective
c) Skeletal muscle
c) Dendrites
c) Muscular

Section B: Short Answer Questions

Epithelial tissue.
Protection, secretion, absorption, and filtration.
Bone tissue.
In the nose, ear, trachea, and at the ends of bones.
Connective tissue.
Bones to bones at joints.
To connect muscles to bones.
Striated (skeletal), unstriated (smooth), and cardiac muscle.
Attached to bones.
Striated (skeletal) muscle.
In the walls of internal organs like the stomach and intestines.
Only in the heart.
Cell body (soma), dendrites, and axon.
The nucleus and other organelles.
To receive nerve impulses from other neurons.
To transmit nerve impulses away from the cell body.
Epithelial tissue and bone (connective tissue).
Skeletal muscle.
Smooth muscle.
Blood (connective tissue).
Ligaments.
Muscular tissue.
Throughout the body, concentrated in the brain and spinal cord.
The cell body of a neuron.
Cardiac muscle.
Cartilage.
Epithelial tissue.
Tendons.
Epithelial tissue.
Specialized striated and involuntary.
Connecting bones to bones at joints.
To provide support, protection, and help in movement.
Epithelial tissue.
A short, branched extension of a neuron that receives impulses.
Smooth and cardiac muscle.
Nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
Connective tissue (bone and cartilage).
Filtration.
Dendrites.
Connective tissue.
Striated (skeletal) muscle.
Nerve impulses.
Epithelial tissue.
To control blood flow.
Connective tissue.
To pump blood throughout the body.
In the cell body (soma).
Blood.
Ligaments.
Cardiac muscle.
To reduce friction and provide flexibility.
Nerve tissue.
Voluntary movements.
Cartilage.
To receive nerve impulses.
Smooth muscle.
Gas exchange (absorption of oxygen).
Cartilage.
To transmit force from muscles to bones.
The cell body (soma).
Epithelial tissue.
Cardiac muscle.
To provide stability.
Muscular tissue (smooth and cardiac).
Nutrients and oxygen.
Epithelial tissue.
In the walls of the stomach and intestines.
The axon.
Connective tissue.
Skeletal muscle.
To provide support and flexibility.
Nerve tissue.
Tendons.
Cartilage.
To pump blood.
Dendrites.
Smooth muscle.
Bone (connective tissue).
To transmit impulses away from the cell body.
Epithelial tissue.
Involuntary movements.
Bone.
To absorb nutrients.
Cardiac muscle.
To contain the nucleus and organelles, and integrate signals.
Cartilage.
To transport substances and connect different parts of the body.
Skeletal muscle.
Ligaments.
Epithelial tissue.
Smooth muscle.
The axon.
To provide support and shape.
Epithelial tissue.
Rhythmic and involuntary contractions.
Adipose (fat) tissue, a type of connective tissue.
To control the diameter of the airways.
Dendrite.
Connective tissue.
Smooth muscle.

Section C: Medium Answer Questions

Epithelial tissue is located covering the body surface and lining internal organs and cavities. Its function is protection, secretion, absorption, and filtration.
Bone tissue is a hard connective tissue that forms the skeleton. It is composed of bone cells (osteocytes) embedded in a matrix of collagen and minerals. Its function is to provide support, protection, and aid in movement.
Ligaments connect bones to bones at joints, providing stability. Tendons connect muscles to bones, transmitting the force of muscle contraction to cause movement.
Voluntary muscles (skeletal muscles) are under conscious control, such as the muscles of the arms and legs. Involuntary muscles (smooth and cardiac muscles) are not under conscious control, such as the muscles of the digestive tract and the heart.
A neuron consists of a cell body (soma) containing the nucleus, dendrites which are branched extensions that receive signals, and an axon, a long projection that transmits signals away from the cell body.
Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in the nose, ear, trachea, and at the ends of bones. Its function is to provide support, flexibility, and reduce friction at joints.
Blood is considered a connective tissue because it has a matrix (plasma) and contains cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). It connects different parts of the body by transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
Striated muscles (skeletal and cardiac) have a striped appearance due to the arrangement of contractile proteins. They are involved in voluntary movement (skeletal) and heart contraction (cardiac). Unstriated muscles (smooth muscles) lack these stripes and are involved in involuntary movements of internal organs.
Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart. Its function is to produce the rhythmic, involuntary contractions that pump blood throughout the body.
Nerve tissue, composed of neurons, is responsible for conducting electrical impulses. It allows for communication between different parts of the body, enabling responses to stimuli and coordination of bodily functions.
Epithelial tissue has several functions: protection (skin), secretion (glands), absorption (intestines), and filtration (kidneys).
Bone is a rigid connective tissue that provides support and protection. Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue that provides support and reduces friction. Bone is harder and more brittle than cartilage.
Muscle contraction occurs when the contractile proteins within muscle fibers slide past each other, shortening the muscle. This shortening pulls on bones via tendons, causing movement at the joints.
Dendrites are short, branched extensions of a neuron. Their function is to receive nerve impulses from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body.
Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, and attached to bones. Smooth muscle is unstriated, involuntary, and found in internal organs. Cardiac muscle is striated, involuntary, and found only in the heart.
Connective tissue, such as bone and cartilage, provides a framework for the body, giving it shape and support. It also protects internal organs.
The axon is a long projection of a neuron that transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body to other neurons or to effector cells, such as muscle or gland cells.
Ligaments are tough, elastic bands of connective tissue that connect bones to bones, providing stability to joints. Tendons are tough, inelastic cords of connective tissue that connect muscles to bones, transmitting force for movement.
Smooth muscle is important in internal organs as it controls involuntary movements such as digestion, blood flow, and urination.
Blood tissue consists of red blood cells (for oxygen transport), white blood cells (for immunity), platelets (for clotting), and plasma (the liquid matrix that carries these cells and other substances).
Voluntary muscle control involves conscious thought and is mediated by the somatic nervous system. Involuntary muscle control is not under conscious control and is regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
Cartilage at the ends of bones in joints provides a smooth, low-friction surface that allows the bones to move easily against each other.
Epithelial tissue has different functions in different organs: in the skin, it provides protection; in the intestines, it absorbs nutrients; in the glands, it secretes hormones and enzymes.
Connective tissues have diverse locations and functions: bone provides support, cartilage provides flexibility, blood transports substances, ligaments connect bones, and tendons connect muscles to bones.
Cardiac muscle is composed of striated, branched cells that are interconnected. It contracts rhythmically and involuntarily to pump blood.
Nerve tissue plays a crucial role in coordination by transmitting signals between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, allowing for rapid responses to stimuli.
Both striated muscle (skeletal) and cardiac muscle have a striped appearance. However, skeletal muscle is voluntary and multinucleated, while cardiac muscle is involuntary and has one or two nuclei per cell.
Smooth muscle in the walls of the digestive tract contracts in waves (peristalsis) to move food along the tract and mix it with digestive juices.
Bone tissue is important in the body as it provides the main structural framework, protects vital organs, allows for movement, stores minerals, and produces blood cells.
Skeletal muscle cells are long, cylindrical, and multinucleated. Smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped and have a single nucleus. Cardiac muscle cells are branched and have one or two nuclei.
Epithelial tissue provides protection by forming a barrier against mechanical injury, pathogens, and fluid loss. It is involved in secretion by forming glands that produce and release substances like hormones and enzymes.
Ligaments provide stability to joints by holding the bones together and preventing excessive movement.
Impulses are received by the dendrites, integrated in the cell body, and transmitted away from the cell body by the axon.
The diversity of connective tissue allows it to perform a wide range of functions, from providing rigid support (bone) to transporting substances (blood).
Tendons play a crucial role in body movement by transmitting the force generated by muscle contraction to the bones, causing the bones to move.
Dendrites receive signals, the cell body integrates them and contains the nucleus, and the axon transmits signals to other cells.
The classification of muscle tissue into skeletal, smooth, and cardiac is significant because it reflects their different structures, locations, functions, and control mechanisms.
Cartilage provides flexibility to structures such as the nose and ears, allowing them to bend and return to their original shape.
Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities, and is involved in protection, secretion, and absorption. Connective tissue provides support, connects other tissues, and has a variety of other functions.
Blood functions in transportation by carrying oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, hormones, and heat throughout the body.
Voluntary muscle control is important as it allows for conscious movements such as walking, talking, and writing.
Skeletal muscle is attached to bones. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of internal organs. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart.
Nerve tissue is essential for reflex actions, which are rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli. It forms the neural pathways that mediate these reflexes.
Smooth muscle in the walls of blood vessels controls their diameter, thus regulating blood pressure and blood flow.
Bone provides a rigid supporting framework for the body, while cartilage provides a more flexible form of support.
Tissue specialization is important as it allows for a division of labor among cells, leading to greater efficiency and complexity in multicellular organisms.
Epithelial tissue lines organs, forming a barrier that can be protective, secretory, or absorptive, depending on the organ.
Axons are long and transmit signals away from the cell body, while dendrites are short and branched and receive signals.
The properties of cardiac muscle, such as its intrinsic rhythmicity and its ability to contract as a single unit, are significant for its function of pumping blood effectively.
Different tissue types work together in a coordinated fashion. For example, muscles (muscular tissue) pull on bones (connective tissue) to cause movement, under the control of nerves (nerve tissue).

Section D: Broad Answer Questions

The four main types of animal tissues are:
- Epithelial tissue: Covers body surfaces and lines internal organs. Functions in protection, secretion, absorption, and filtration.
- Connective tissue: Found throughout the body. Functions in support, protection, transport, and connecting other tissues. Examples include bone, cartilage, blood, ligaments, and tendons.
- Muscular tissue: Composed of cells that can contract. Responsible for movement. Types include skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.
- Nerve tissue: Composed of neurons. Responsible for conducting electrical impulses and coordinating body functions.
Connective tissue is characterized by cells scattered within an extracellular matrix. Its functions include support, protection, and transport.
- Bone: A hard matrix of collagen and minerals, providing support and protection.
- Cartilage: A flexible matrix, providing support and reducing friction.
- Blood: A liquid matrix (plasma), transporting substances.
- Ligaments: Dense, fibrous tissue connecting bones to bones.
- Tendons: Dense, fibrous tissue connecting muscles to bones.
The three types of muscular tissues are:
- Skeletal muscle: Striated, voluntary, attached to bones. Responsible for body movements.
- Smooth muscle: Unstriated, involuntary, found in the walls of internal organs. Responsible for involuntary movements.
- Cardiac muscle: Striated, involuntary, found only in the heart. Responsible for pumping blood.
A neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. It conducts nerve impulses as follows: dendrites receive a signal, which is integrated in the cell body. If the signal is strong enough, an electrical impulse (action potential) is generated and transmitted down the axon to the axon terminal, where it is passed on to another neuron or an effector cell.
Epithelial tissue plays various roles in different body systems. In the skin, it provides protection. In the digestive system, it absorbs nutrients. In the respiratory system, it facilitates gas exchange. In the endocrine system, it forms glands that secrete hormones. In the urinary system, it filters waste products.
Connective tissues are crucial for providing support and protection. Bone forms the skeleton, which supports the body and protects vital organs. Cartilage provides flexible support and cushioning. Ligaments and tendons provide support and stability to joints.
Different types of muscles work together to facilitate body movements. Skeletal muscles, under voluntary control, contract to pull on bones and cause movement. Smooth muscles in blood vessels regulate blood flow to the muscles. Cardiac muscle pumps blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the muscles.
Nerve tissue, composed of neurons, is the main component of the nervous system. It is responsible for receiving sensory input, integrating information, and generating motor output. This allows for coordination of all body functions and responses to the environment.
Epithelial tissue consists of tightly packed cells that cover surfaces and line cavities. It functions in protection, secretion, and absorption. Connective tissue consists of cells scattered in a matrix and functions in support, connection, and transport.
The structure of muscle tissues is related to their function. The long, cylindrical cells of skeletal muscle are adapted for powerful contractions. The spindle-shaped cells of smooth muscle are suited for sustained, involuntary contractions. The branched cells of cardiac muscle allow for coordinated contraction of the heart.
In the skeletal system, bone provides the rigid framework. Cartilage cushions the joints, reducing friction. Ligaments connect the bones, providing stability. Tendons connect the muscles to the bones, allowing for movement.
Tissue specialization in multicellular organisms allows for a division of labor, where different tissues are adapted for specific functions. This increases the efficiency and complexity of the organism, enabling it to perform a wider range of activities and survive in more diverse environments.
Blood is a liquid connective tissue that plays a vital role in transport. It carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs, nutrients from the digestive system to the cells, waste products from the cells to the kidneys, and hormones from glands to their target organs.
Voluntary muscle control (skeletal muscle) is under conscious control and allows for deliberate movements. Involuntary muscle control (smooth and cardiac muscle) is not under conscious control and regulates essential bodily functions such as digestion and circulation. Both are important for survival.
The structure of neurons is adapted for impulse conduction. The long axon allows for rapid transmission of signals over long distances. The branched dendrites increase the surface area for receiving signals. The myelin sheath around some axons insulates them and speeds up signal transmission.
Animal tissues are classified into four main types based on their structure and function: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous. This classification helps in understanding the organization and functioning of the animal body.
Different tissues are organized into organs, and organs are organized into organ systems. The coordinated functioning of these tissues and organs is essential for the survival of the organism. For example, in the digestive system, epithelial tissue absorbs nutrients, smooth muscle moves food along, and nerve tissue controls the process.
Smooth muscle is found in the walls of many organ systems, including the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and circulatory systems. It is under involuntary control by the autonomic nervous system and is responsible for processes such as peristalsis, bronchoconstriction, and vasoconstriction.
Epithelial tissue contributes to homeostasis (maintaining a stable internal environment) by forming selective barriers that control the movement of substances into and out of the body and between different compartments of the body.
Cardiac muscle has several unique properties, including its ability to contract rhythmically without external stimulation (autorhythmicity) and its ability to function as a single, coordinated unit (syncytium). These properties are essential for its function of pumping blood continuously and effectively.
The relationship between tissue structure and function is a fundamental principle of biology. For example, the thin, flat cells of the lung epithelium are adapted for gas exchange, while the thick, strong fibers of tendons are adapted for transmitting force.
Connective tissues provide structural integrity to the body in several ways. Bone forms the rigid skeleton, cartilage provides flexible support, and fibrous connective tissues such as ligaments and tendons hold structures together.
Muscle contraction is caused by the sliding of actin and myosin filaments within muscle cells. In skeletal muscle, contraction is initiated by a nerve impulse. In smooth muscle, contraction can be initiated by nerves, hormones, or stretching. In cardiac muscle, contraction is initiated by specialized pacemaker cells.
Nerve tissue plays a central role in integrating body functions and responses. It receives information from the environment and from within the body, processes this information, and generates appropriate responses, coordinating the activities of all other tissues and organs.
The different animal tissues work together to maintain life processes. For example, the nervous system coordinates the muscular system to obtain food. The digestive system (lined with epithelial tissue and containing smooth muscle) breaks down the food. The circulatory system (blood, a connective tissue) transports the nutrients to all the cells of the body.

Animal Tissues

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