Class 7
Created by Titas Mallick
Biology Teacher • M.Sc. Botany • B.Ed. • CTET (CBSE) • CISCE Examiner
Created by Titas Mallick
Biology Teacher • M.Sc. Botany • B.Ed. • CTET (CBSE) • CISCE Examiner
A detailed exploration of the plant kingdom, its classification, and key characteristics.
Kingdom Plantae includes all multicellular, eukaryotic, and autotrophic organisms. They are the primary producers of the biosphere, using sunlight to manufacture food through photosynthesis.
The plant kingdom is divided into several groups based on the presence of vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) and seed formation.
| Group | Key Characteristics | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Thallophyta (Algae) | Simple, undifferentiated body (thallus); mostly aquatic. | Spirogyra, Chlamydomonas |
| Bryophyta (Mosses) | "Amphibians of the plant kingdom"; lack true roots and vascular tissue. | Funaria, Marchantia |
| Pteridophyta (Ferns) | Have vascular tissues; reproduce via spores; no seeds. | Dryopteris, Adiantum |
| Gymnosperms | Produce "naked" seeds (not enclosed in fruit); usually have cones. | Pinus, Cycas |
| Angiosperms | Flowering plants; seeds are enclosed within fruits. | Mango, Rose, Wheat |
These are the simplest plants. They lack roots, stems, and leaves. They are found in freshwater and marine environments.
These plants require water for fertilization, which is why they grow in moist, shady places. They help in soil formation and prevent soil erosion.
Amphibians of the Plant Kingdom Bryophytes are known as the "amphibians of the plant kingdom" because they live on land but depend on water for sexual reproduction.
These are the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues (Xylem for water and Phloem for food transport).
The most advanced and diverse group of plants. They are further divided based on the number of cotyledons (seed leaves):
Plants release oxygen () during photosynthesis, which is essential for the survival of almost all living organisms.
They form the base of the food chain, providing food (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) for humans and animals.
Provide timber, paper, medicines, fibers (cotton, jute), and rubber.
Plants help regulate the water cycle and reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (), mitigating global warming.
Did You Know? The giant Sequoia tree in California is one of the largest and oldest living organisms in the world, belonging to the Gymnosperm group.
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