Specimen Prep - Human Reproduction

Specimen Prep Guide: Human Reproduction

Reproductive Systems: Know the structure and functions of the male and female reproductive systems.
Gametogenesis: Understand spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
Menstrual Cycle: Know the different phases and the hormonal control of the menstrual cycle.
Fertilization & Implantation: Understand the process of fertilization and the implantation of the blastocyst.
Pregnancy & Parturition: Know the major events of pregnancy and the process of childbirth.

Problem Type: Interpreting graphs of hormonal levels during the menstrual cycle. Calculating the probable day of ovulation.
Example: If a woman has a 32-day menstrual cycle, ovulation is most likely to occur around day 18 (32 - 14 = 18).

Scenario: A couple is unable to conceive. Tests reveal a blockage in the man's vas deferens. What are the implications for fertility?
Analysis: The man will be unable to transport sperm from the testes, leading to infertility. An ART like ICSI could be a solution.
Diagram Interpretation: Be able to identify the stages of follicular development in the ovary.

Hormonal Control of Pregnancy: Understand the roles of hCG, hPL, estrogen, and progesterone in maintaining pregnancy. hCG is the basis for pregnancy tests.

Assertion: The corpus luteum is essential for maintaining pregnancy in the initial stages. Reason: It secretes progesterone, which maintains the endometrium.
- (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
Assertion: All copulations do not lead to fertilization and pregnancy. Reason: Fertilization can only occur if the ovum and sperms are transported simultaneously to the ampullary-isthmic junction.
- (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.

Why is the middle piece of the sperm packed with mitochondria?
- Answer: To provide the energy required for the movement of the tail, which facilitates the sperm's journey to the ovum.