Biotechnology: Principles and Processes - Activities
Activities and Experiments for Chapter 9 - Detailed Protocols for Restriction Digestion, Gel Electrophoresis, and PCR.
Class 12 Biology - Organisms and Populations (Activities)
NCERT Biology Activities for Class 12 Biology - Organisms and Populations - Ecological Sampling and Abiotic Analysis.
Created by Titas Mallick
Biology Teacher • M.Sc. Botany • B.Ed. • CTET (CBSE) • CISCE Examiner
NCERT Biology Activities for Class 12 Biology - Biotechnology and its Applications - Medical and Agricultural Case Analysis.
Aim: To investigate the biochemical mechanism by which Bacillus thuringiensis toxin kills specific insects.
Materials Required:
Procedure:
Scientific Note The Bt toxin exists as an inactive Protoxin in the bacterium. Upon ingestion by an insect, the alkaline pH of the midgut solubilizes the crystals and activates the toxin through proteolytic cleavage. The active toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells, creating pores that cause cell swelling and lysis, eventually leading to the death of the insect.
Observation: The protein is only active in alkaline conditions. In humans, the highly acidic environment (pH 1.5 - 3.5) of the stomach denatures the protein, rendering it harmless.
Lab Best Practice When presenting Bt technology, emphasize that the specificity of the toxin is due to the presence of specific receptors in the insect midgut that are absent in mammals.
Aim: To understand the structural differences between Pro-insulin and mature functional Insulin (Humulin).
Materials Required:
Procedure:
Scientific Note Eli Lilly solved the challenge by synthesizing two separate DNA sequences corresponding to the A and B chains of human insulin. These were introduced into E. coli plasmids separately to produce A and B chains, which were then extracted and combined by creating disulfide bonds in a laboratory setting.
Safety First Biopharmaceuticals like recombinant insulin must undergo rigorous clinical trials and purity testing (e.g., HPLC) to ensure the absence of bacterial endotoxins or host cell proteins that could cause immunogenic reactions in patients.
/CBSE/NCERT/Activities/Class_12_Biology/Chapter_10_Biotechnology_and_its_Applications.mdxBiotechnology: Principles and Processes - Activities
Activities and Experiments for Chapter 9 - Detailed Protocols for Restriction Digestion, Gel Electrophoresis, and PCR.
Class 12 Biology - Organisms and Populations (Activities)
NCERT Biology Activities for Class 12 Biology - Organisms and Populations - Ecological Sampling and Abiotic Analysis.