Class 10 / Question Bank / Competency Based
Endocrine System Competency Based Questions on Endocrine System
Case Study 1:
Child with Cretinism (stunted growth, mental retardation).
Which gland?
Name hormone and function.
Answer: Thyroxine. It regulates the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), growth, and development.
Designing: Dietary inclusion.
Analysis: Cretinism vs Dwarfism.
Answer: Cretinism is due to Thyroid deficiency and involves mental retardation. Pituitary Dwarfism is due to Growth Hormone deficiency and the individual is mentally normal.
Adult hyposecretion condition.
Answer: Myxoedema (Sluggishness, swelling of face/hands).
Case Study 2:
Surge of energy when chased by a dog.
6. Identify hormone.
Answer: Adrenaline (or Epinephrine).
Why "Fight or Flight"?
Answer: It prepares the body for sudden physical action to either face the threat or run away.
Creating: Flowchart.
Answer: Adrenaline -> Heart (Rate up) -> Lungs (Breathing up) -> Liver (Glycogen to Glucose) -> Muscles (Blood supply up).
Critical Thinking: Why digestive system slows?
Answer: To divert blood flow and energy away from non-essential tasks to the heart and skeletal muscles.
Which gland and location?
Answer: Adrenal glands. Located as "caps" on top of each kidney.
Directions: (a) Both A/R true, R explains A; (b) Both true, R doesn't explain A; (c) A true, R false; (d) A false, R true.
Assertion (A): Pancreas is heterocrine.
Reason (R): It has both exocrine and endocrine parts.
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation.
Assertion (A): Insulin lowers blood sugar.
Reason (R): It promotes Glycogenesis.
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation.
Assertion (A): Pituitary is Master Gland.
Reason (R): It controls other glands.
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation.
Assertion (A): Simple Goitre caused by Iron deficiency.
Reason (R): Iron is essential for Thyroxine.
Answer: (d) A is false but R is true (in structure, but factually both are false as Iodine is needed). Correct: (d) A is false. (Iodine is needed).
Assertion (A): Diabetes Mellitus has Glycosuria.
Reason (R): Caused by hyposecretion of Insulin.
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation.
Designing: Negative Feedback diagram.
Answer: Low Thyroxine -> Hypothalamus releases TRH -> Pituitary releases TSH -> Thyroid releases Thyroxine -> High Thyroxine inhibits TRH/TSH.
Creating: Insulin Profile Card.
Answer: Source: Beta cells. Target: Liver/Muscles. Function: Lowers sugar. Deficiency: Diabetes Mellitus.
Analysis: Exophthalmic vs Simple Goitre.
Answer: Exophthalmic: Hyperthyroidism, protruding eyes, weight loss. Simple: Hypothyroidism, iodine deficiency, swelling in neck.
Designing: Anterior Pituitary table.
Answer: [GH: Growth. TSH: Stimulates Thyroid. ACTH: Stimulates Adrenal cortex. FSH/LH: Gonad function].
Visualisation: Gland locations.
Answer: [Thyroid: Neck. Pancreas: Below stomach. Adrenal: Above kidneys].
Application: Thirst and hunger in diabetes.
Answer: Sugar in urine pulls water (thirst). Cells are starving for glucose because it can't enter without insulin (hunger).
Creating: Feedback failure scenario.
Answer: Thyroid would keep growing (forming a huge goitre) and metabolism would skyrocket to dangerous levels.
Analysis: Insulin vs Glucagon.
Answer: Insulin lowers blood sugar (store as glycogen). Glucagon raises blood sugar (break down glycogen).
Designing: IDD poster.
Answer: [Visuals of Goitre and Cretinism, promoting Iodised salt].
Creating: Cortisone explanation.
Answer: It mimics cortisol, which suppresses the immune system and reduces inflammation in joints/tissues.
Tropic Hormones.
Answer: Hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete their hormones (e.g., TSH, ACTH).
Scenario: Giant vs Dwarf.
Answer: Giant: Hypersecretion of GH in childhood. Dwarf: Hyposecretion of GH in childhood.
Critical Thinking: Adrenal Medulla and Sympathetic system.
Answer: Both work together to produce the stress response. The Medulla is essentially a specialized part of the sympathetic system.
Application: Acromegaly.
Answer: Hypersecretion of GH in adults, leading to thickened bones in hands, feet, and face.
Diabetes Mellitus vs Insipidus.
Answer: Mellitus: Sugar problem (Insulin). Insipidus: Water problem (ADH).
Diagram Based: Islets of Langerhans.
Answer: Alpha: Glucagon. Beta: Insulin.
Oxytocin and Prolactin.
Answer: Oxytocin: Uterine contraction and milk ejection. Prolactin: Milk production.
Analysis: Thymus gland changes.
Answer: It is involved in T-lymphocyte maturation for immunity; its shrinkage contributes to weaker immunity in the elderly.
Competency: Adrenaline on liver.
Answer: Stimulates Glycogenolysis (Glycogen to Glucose) to provide immediate energy.
Case: Graves' disease.
Creating: Cortisol hypothesis.
Answer: Chronic high cortisol suppresses the immune system and increases blood pressure/sugar.
Designing: Endocrine vs Exocrine visual.
Answer: Endocrine: No ducts, secretes to blood. Exocrine: Has ducts, secretes to surface/organ.
Application: Birth control pills.
Answer: Contain estrogen/progesterone which inhibit FSH/LH, preventing ovulation.
Critical Thinking: Why insulin injection?
Answer: Insulin is a protein; if taken as a pill, it would be digested by stomach enzymes and become inactive.
Analysis: Chemical Messengers.
Answer: Hormones produced in small quantities, transported by blood, acting on distant target organs.
Scenario: Ovary removal.
Answer: Stops the production of estrogen and progesterone, ending the menstrual cycle (Artificial Menopause).
Designing: Concept map.
Answer: Hypothalamus (Releasing factors) -> Pituitary (Tropic hormones) -> Glands (Final hormones).
Application: Addison's Disease.
Answer: Symptoms: Skin pigmentation, low blood pressure, weight loss.
Creating: Who am I?
Case Study: High calcium.
Answer: Parathyroid gland (oversecretion of Parathormone).
Gastrin and Secretin.
Answer: Local hormones in the gut that regulate digestive secretions.
Critical Thinking: "Dual Organ".
Answer: Refers to the Pancreas having both digestive (exocrine) and hormonal (endocrine) functions.
Analysis: Adrenaline vs Noradrenaline.
Answer: Both similar, but Noradrenaline acts mainly on blood vessels to maintain blood pressure.
Designing: Glucose graph.
Answer: Normal: Spike then return to normal within 2h. Diabetic: Higher spike and remains high for long.
Creating: "Fatigue-cure" hormone.
Answer: Would likely act by increasing mitochondrial efficiency or reducing lactic acid buildup.
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