Class 10 / Question Bank / Competency Based
Population Competency Based Questions on Population
Case Study 1:
Country with high birth rate and declining death rate.
Effect on population size?
Answer: Population Explosion (Rapid increase).
Define "Growth Rate".
Answer: The difference between the birth rate and the death rate per unit time.
Designing: Age pyramid shape.
Answer: Triangular (broad base), indicating a large proportion of young individuals.
Analysis: Why death rate declined faster?
Answer: Improved sanitation, control of epidemics, and better medical facilities reduce deaths quickly, but social/cultural factors keep birth rates high for longer.
Measures to reduce birth rate.
Answer: Education, family planning awareness, and raising the legal age of marriage.
Case Study 2:
City with doubled population density.
6. Define "Population Density".
Answer: The number of individuals per unit area at a given time.
Three problems.
Answer: Lack of housing (slums), increased pollution, and pressure on public resources like water and transport.
Creating: Slogan.
Answer: "Small Family, Happy Family" or "Plan your family, secure your future."
Critical Thinking: Urbanization and growth.
Answer: Yes, it leads to rapid growth mainly through immigration (people moving from rural to urban areas for jobs).
Education of women impact.
Answer: Educated women tend to marry later, seek careers, and have better knowledge of family planning, leading to lower birth rates.
Directions: (a) Both A/R true, R explains A; (b) Both true, R doesn't explain A; (c) A true, R false; (d) A false, R true.
Assertion (A): India launched Family Planning in 1952.
Reason (R): First country to do so.
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation.
Assertion (A): Age pyramid of developed country is bell-shaped.
Reason (R): Pre-reproductive and reproductive counts are equal.
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation.
Assertion (A): Education is best contraceptive.
Reason (R): Educated couples marry later.
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation.
Assertion (A): Tubectomy is reversible.
Reason (R): Tubes can be reconnected.
Answer: (d) A is false but R is true (it is technically possible but usually considered permanent). Correct: (d) A is false.
Assertion (A): IMR has decreased in India.
Reason (R): Better healthcare/vaccination.
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation.
Designing: Survey form.
Answer: [Fields: Name, Age, Number of children, Occupation, Awareness of family planning].
Creating: Bar graph data.
Answer: [Description: Steady climb from 360 million in 1951 to over 1.2 billion in 2011].
Analysis: Natality vs Mortality.
Answer: Natality: Birth rate. Mortality: Death rate. Population grows if Natality > Mortality.
Designing: Contraceptive table.
Answer: [Barrier: Condom (blocks sperm). Hormonal: Pill (stops ovulation). IUD: Copper-T (prevents implantation). Surgical: Vasectomy (blocks sperm transport)].
Visualisation: Red Triangle.
Answer: Symbol for family planning/welfare services in India.
Application: Legal marriage age.
Answer: To ensure physical/mental maturity and to reduce the total reproductive span of a couple.
Creating: Government strategy.
Answer: Financial incentives for sterilization after two children, free education for the first child.
Analysis: Population and Pollution.
Answer: More people -> More consumption -> More waste generation and resource depletion.
Designing: Skit script.
Answer: [Focus on dividing a single loaf of bread among 2 children vs 10 children].
Creating: Sex education letter.
Answer: [Arguments for scientific knowledge to prevent STDs, unwanted pregnancies, and myths].
Demography.
Answer: The statistical study of human populations (size, density, distribution, and vital statistics).
Scenario: Equal birth and death rates.
Answer: Zero Population Growth (ZPG). The population remains stable.
Critical Thinking: Malthusian theory.
Answer: Population grows geometrically (2,4,8...) while food grows arithmetically (1,2,3...). Leads to "Malthusian catastrophe" (famine/war).
Application: IUD (Copper-T).
Answer: Inserted into the uterus by a doctor; releases copper ions that suppress sperm motility and prevent implantation.
Immigration vs Emigration.
Answer: Immigration: People coming in. Emigration: People leaving.
Diagram Based: Age Pyramids.
Answer: Expanding (triangular) pyramid represents developing nations with high birth rates.
"Son Preference" role.
Answer: Couples may continue to have children until they have a boy, leading to larger family sizes.
Analysis: Low Sex Ratio.
Answer: Caused by social bias, female foeticide (selective abortion), and neglect of female children.
Competency: Oral Contraceptive mechanism.
Answer: High levels of estrogen/progesterone suppress FSH and LH secretion from the pituitary, preventing the follicles from maturing (no ovulation).
Case: Factory migration.
Answer: No, it is growth due to "Pull factors" of migration, not natural increase.
Creating: Demographic Transition.
Answer: As a country develops, it moves from high birth/death rates to low birth/death rates.
Designing: Resource-Population balance.
Answer: [Diagram: Seesaw with Population on one side and Resources on the other].
Application: Deforestation link.
Answer: Growing population needs more land for housing and agriculture, leading to clearing of forests.
Critical Thinking: "One Child Policy" ethics.
Answer: Effective for rapid control but leads to aging population, skewed sex ratios, and human rights concerns.
Analysis: Census.
Answer: Official count of the population. Conducted every 10 years in India.
Scenario: Barrier method dual advantage.
Answer: Prevents pregnancy and protects against Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) like HIV/Syphilis.
Designing: World Population Day poster.
Answer: [Slogan: "Invest in People, Stabilize the Future"].
Application: Amniocentesis.
Answer: A test of amniotic fluid for chromosomal abnormalities; misused for illegal prenatal sex determination.
Creating: Crossword.
Answer: [Terms: Vasectomy (Male), Tubectomy (Female)].
Case Study: Aging Population.
Answer: Higher medical costs for the elderly and a smaller working-age population to support the economy.
Carrying Capacity.
Answer: The maximum number of individuals that an environment's resources can sustain indefinitely without degradation.
Critical Thinking: Technology and food.
Answer: Technology (Genetically Modified Crops) increases yield, but over-exploitation of soil and water has sustainable limits.
Analysis: Density comparison.
Answer: Metro cities have high density (thousands per sq km), rural areas have low density.
Designing: Literacy-Birth rate graph.
Answer: As literacy (especially female literacy) goes up, the birth rate goes down.
Creating: Girl Child slogan.
Answer: "Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao" (Save the Daughter, Educate the Daughter).
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